Rediscovering the Scientific Legacy of the Arab/Islamic Golden Age

For over seven centuries, the Arab/Islamic world stood at the pinnacle of scientific achievement, contributing profoundly to diverse fields such as astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. This era, often referred to as the "Golden Age of Islam," was a period when scientists, philosophers, and scholars pushed the boundaries of knowledge and laid the foundation for numerous advancements that would later fuel the European Renaissance. The rich legacy of this time has been extensively studied and documented, highlighting the transformative role of Arab/Islamic contributions in shaping global intellectual history. However, as much as this legacy is celebrated, its later decline remains an enigma, particularly after the 16th century—a period when scientific activity in the Islamic world seemed to fade into obscurity.

This article explores the profound achievements of Arab/Islamic scientists, the factors that sustained this golden period, and the systemic, institutional, and cultural challenges that may have contributed to its eventual decline. By examining these elements, the work aims to provide insights not only into the past but also into how contemporary Arab/Islamic societies might revive and sustain a thriving scientific culture.

About the Author

Khalil M. Bitar

Professor of Physics (Retired)

Dean Emeritus, American University of Beirut